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First Time to Katse Dam
Katse Dam的点评
点评：The Katse Dam in Lesotho is HUGE! It is much bigger than I ever could have imagined.
I knew that the Katse Dam, in its day the engineering project of the decade, was an enormous undertaking. But today, here where I am actually standing next to the dam and looking at the massive dam wall (the highest in Africa) and the deep lake it has created in the mountains, I realised that the surface of the mass of water that I see here is only a minute part of this construction achievement of what is known as the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP).
The LHWP transfers water from the Lesotho Highlands via an incredible network of dams and tunnels to eventually release the water at the As River outfall, just outside Clarens in the Free State Province of South Africa.
Water from the Katse dam is transferred by a 4 m diameter tunnel over a distance of 45 km to the Muela hydropower station and dam. Muela’s high elevation allows a gravity flow water delivery system to South Africa to be released at the As River outfall.
From the As River outfall in the Free State, water flows along the Liebenbergsvlei River and into the Wilge River and finally into the Vaal Dam. From there, water is transferred to the Gauteng Metropolis of Soweto, Johannesburg and Pretoria, supplementing the water supply of South Africa’s industrial heartland in the Witwatersrand.
When completed, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project will eventually include five large dams in remote rural areas of Lesotho. It is easy to understand why in the 1990’s when this was under construction, this was the biggest engineering project in the southern hemisphere. The Katse Dam is a crucial part (the back-bone) of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. The extent of the Katse Dam project is impressive and simply fascinating leaving me speechless!
We visited the Katse Dam in Lesotho during the end of April 2023. Departing from Clarens, we cleared customs at Caledonspoort 9 km outside Fouriesburg. Once inside Lesotho, we had to pay toll gate fees but since Lesotho is included in the Common Monetary Area with South Africa, SA rand was accepted.
We travelled towards Butha-Buthe and then Hlotse, the headquarters of the Leribe district, where we left the A1 and turned onto the A8. This is a very scenic road and we passed many small villages on our way to Katse. However, the tarred road between Hlotse and Pitseng was not in a good condition and we had to drive cautiously through many dangerous potholes.
From Pitseng, a fairly big town at the foot of the Maloti Mountains, we continued on the A8 towards Lejone. Being our first time in Lesotho, we stopped many times to take pictures and to enjoy the breath-taking nature of the mountains of the country. The one view-point not to be missed, is the viewpoint on the top of the Mafika Lisiu pass (3090 m). This allows magnificent and spectacular views of the Maloti Mountains and the close-by Bokong Nature Reserve. Stunning and unbelievable!
We stopped to chat with a herd boy next to the road He was on his way to his home in a tiny village not far from where we met him. He was friendly and agreed for us to take a picture of him in his traditional clothes which included a blanket and gum-boots. Basotho men wearing gum-boots dates back to the fact that many of them are migrant mine workers in South Africa.
From Lejone it was already possible to see some of the waters of the Katse Dam. We also saw some fish-farms in the dam.
As we continued our journey in a southern direction, the road staying close to the Malibamatso River and the dam, we reached Mamohau. A long concrete bridge crosses the dam from the western side and took us to Mphorosane, on the eastern side of the dam.
We drove in breath-taking beautiful nature, passing many small villages and people.
We continued on the A8 to Seshote, which lies more inland from the dam. Continuing southwards, we left the Leribe district and entered the Thaba-Tseka district. We were now very close to where the Katse Dam wall was constructed in the Malibamat’so River in the Lesotho Highlands.
And then we arrived at the site where the dam wall of the magnificent Katse Dam was constructed! Katse Dam is one of the most spectacular, if not the most spectacular, of all water features in Lesotho.
The Katse Dam is an arch-dam constructed from concrete. The dam was constructed in the Malibamat’so River in Lesotho just below the confluence of the Bokong River. The Bokong River forms the western arm of the Katse reservoir. Katse is at an elevation of 1 993 m above sea level making it the highest elevation dam in Africa.
The dam wall is a double-curved arch; it curves from side-to-side as well as from top-to-bottom. The wall is 185 m high (second tallest in Africa), 60 m wide at the base and 9 m wide at top. Length of the wall is 710 m.
Katse dam is one of only 30 double-curved concrete arch dam walls in the world. Katse is the second largest double-curvature arch-dam in Africa. Katse is also one of the world’s ten largest concrete arch-dams in terms of volume.
A moveable joint in the dam’s base allows it to flex and the dam’s behaviour is monitored by precision laser instruments inside the dam wall.
Using 2.32 million cubic metres of concrete, the wall was built over a period of six years. During the construction phase, every 40 minutes a truckload of cement and fly ash, transported by road from Ficksburg, was delivered.
Katse dam has a capacity of 1.95 billion cubic metres and a surface area of 38.5 square kilometres.
The dam was completed in 1996 and the reservoir filled with water by 1997. Water delivery officially began on 22 January 1998. The dam currently supplies about 30 cubic metres per second of water to South Africa. The total cost of the project was US$8 billion.
During our visit to Katse Dam, the Visitor’s Centre was closed and the Katse Village was also not accessible due to maintenance work being in progress.
Unfortunately, due to time constraints, we did not do the Katse Dam Wall tour to get to the inside of the dam wall, nor the Botanical Garden tour.
I knew that the Katse Dam, in its day the engineering project of the decade, was an enormous undertaking. But today, here where I am actually standing next to the dam and looking at the massive dam wall (the highest in Africa) and the deep lake it has created in the mountains, I realised that the surface of the mass of water that I see here is only a minute part of this construction achievement of what is known as the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP).
The LHWP transfers water from the Lesotho Highlands via an incredible network of dams and tunnels to eventually release the water at the As River outfall, just outside Clarens in the Free State Province of South Africa.
Water from the Katse dam is transferred by a 4 m diameter tunnel over a distance of 45 km to the Muela hydropower station and dam. Muela’s high elevation allows a gravity flow water delivery system to South Africa to be released at the As River outfall.
From the As River outfall in the Free State, water flows along the Liebenbergsvlei River and into the Wilge River and finally into the Vaal Dam. From there, water is transferred to the Gauteng Metropolis of Soweto, Johannesburg and Pretoria, supplementing the water supply of South Africa’s industrial heartland in the Witwatersrand.
When completed, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project will eventually include five large dams in remote rural areas of Lesotho. It is easy to understand why in the 1990’s when this was under construction, this was the biggest engineering project in the southern hemisphere. The Katse Dam is a crucial part (the back-bone) of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. The extent of the Katse Dam project is impressive and simply fascinating leaving me speechless!
We visited the Katse Dam in Lesotho during the end of April 2023. Departing from Clarens, we cleared customs at Caledonspoort 9 km outside Fouriesburg. Once inside Lesotho, we had to pay toll gate fees but since Lesotho is included in the Common Monetary Area with South Africa, SA rand was accepted.
We travelled towards Butha-Buthe and then Hlotse, the headquarters of the Leribe district, where we left the A1 and turned onto the A8. This is a very scenic road and we passed many small villages on our way to Katse. However, the tarred road between Hlotse and Pitseng was not in a good condition and we had to drive cautiously through many dangerous potholes.
From Pitseng, a fairly big town at the foot of the Maloti Mountains, we continued on the A8 towards Lejone. Being our first time in Lesotho, we stopped many times to take pictures and to enjoy the breath-taking nature of the mountains of the country. The one view-point not to be missed, is the viewpoint on the top of the Mafika Lisiu pass (3090 m). This allows magnificent and spectacular views of the Maloti Mountains and the close-by Bokong Nature Reserve. Stunning and unbelievable!
We stopped to chat with a herd boy next to the road He was on his way to his home in a tiny village not far from where we met him. He was friendly and agreed for us to take a picture of him in his traditional clothes which included a blanket and gum-boots. Basotho men wearing gum-boots dates back to the fact that many of them are migrant mine workers in South Africa.
From Lejone it was already possible to see some of the waters of the Katse Dam. We also saw some fish-farms in the dam.
As we continued our journey in a southern direction, the road staying close to the Malibamatso River and the dam, we reached Mamohau. A long concrete bridge crosses the dam from the western side and took us to Mphorosane, on the eastern side of the dam.
We drove in breath-taking beautiful nature, passing many small villages and people.
We continued on the A8 to Seshote, which lies more inland from the dam. Continuing southwards, we left the Leribe district and entered the Thaba-Tseka district. We were now very close to where the Katse Dam wall was constructed in the Malibamat’so River in the Lesotho Highlands.
And then we arrived at the site where the dam wall of the magnificent Katse Dam was constructed! Katse Dam is one of the most spectacular, if not the most spectacular, of all water features in Lesotho.
The Katse Dam is an arch-dam constructed from concrete. The dam was constructed in the Malibamat’so River in Lesotho just below the confluence of the Bokong River. The Bokong River forms the western arm of the Katse reservoir. Katse is at an elevation of 1 993 m above sea level making it the highest elevation dam in Africa.
The dam wall is a double-curved arch; it curves from side-to-side as well as from top-to-bottom. The wall is 185 m high (second tallest in Africa), 60 m wide at the base and 9 m wide at top. Length of the wall is 710 m.
Katse dam is one of only 30 double-curved concrete arch dam walls in the world. Katse is the second largest double-curvature arch-dam in Africa. Katse is also one of the world’s ten largest concrete arch-dams in terms of volume.
A moveable joint in the dam’s base allows it to flex and the dam’s behaviour is monitored by precision laser instruments inside the dam wall.
Using 2.32 million cubic metres of concrete, the wall was built over a period of six years. During the construction phase, every 40 minutes a truckload of cement and fly ash, transported by road from Ficksburg, was delivered.
Katse dam has a capacity of 1.95 billion cubic metres and a surface area of 38.5 square kilometres.
The dam was completed in 1996 and the reservoir filled with water by 1997. Water delivery officially began on 22 January 1998. The dam currently supplies about 30 cubic metres per second of water to South Africa. The total cost of the project was US$8 billion.
During our visit to Katse Dam, the Visitor’s Centre was closed and the Katse Village was also not accessible due to maintenance work being in progress.
Unfortunately, due to time constraints, we did not do the Katse Dam Wall tour to get to the inside of the dam wall, nor the Botanical Garden tour.
翻译：莱索托的 Katse 大坝是巨大的！它比我想象的要大得多。
我知道 Katse 大坝在当时是十年的工程项目，是一项艰巨的任务。但是今天，我实际上站在大坝旁边，看着巨大的大坝墙（非洲最高的）和它在山上形成的深湖，我意识到我看到的大量水的表面这里只是莱索托高地水利工程 (LHWP) 建设成果的一小部分。
LHWP 通过令人难以置信的水坝和隧道网络从莱索托高地调水，最终将水排放到南非自由邦省克拉伦斯郊外的阿斯河排污口。
来自 Katse 大坝的水通过直径 4 米的隧道在 45 公里的距离内输送到 Muela 水电站和大坝。 Muela 的高海拔允许重力流输水系统在 As River 排放口释放到南非。
从自由州的 As 河排放口，水沿着 Liebenbergsvlei 河流入 Wilge 河，最后流入 Vaal 大坝。从那里，水被输送到索韦托、约翰内斯堡和比勒陀利亚的豪登省大都市，补充了南非金山工业中心地带的供水。
完成后，莱索托高地供水项目最终将包括位于莱索托偏远农村地区的五座大型水坝。很容易理解为什么在1990年代这里正在建设中，这是南半球最大的工程项目。 Katse 大坝是莱索托高地水利工程的重要组成部分（骨干）。 Katse 大坝项目的规模令人印象深刻，简直令人着迷，让我无言以对！
我们于2023年4月底参观了莱索托的Katse Dam。从Clarens出发，我们在Fouriesburg外9公里的Caledonspoort清关。进入莱索托后，我们不得不支付收费站费用，但由于莱索托与南非属于共同货币区，南非兰特被接受。
我们前往 Butha-Buthe，然后前往 Leribe 区的总部 Hlotse，在那里我们离开 A1 并转向 A8。这是一条风景优美的道路，我们在前往卡策的途中经过了许多小村庄。然而，Hlotse 和 Pitseng 之间的柏油路状况不佳，我们不得不小心翼翼地穿过许多危险的坑洼。
我们从马洛蒂山脚下的一个相当大的城镇皮森出发，继续沿 A8 公路前往莱洪。作为我们第一次来莱索托，我们多次停下来拍照并享受该国山区令人叹为观止的自然风光。一个不容错过的观景点是 Mafika Lisiu 山口 (3090 m) 顶部的观景点。这使得马洛蒂山脉和附近的博孔自然保护区的壮丽和壮观的景色成为可能。令人惊叹和难以置信！
我们停下来和路边的一个牧童聊天，他正在去他家的路上，他住在离我们遇见他的地方不远的一个小村庄里。他很友好，同意我们穿着他的传统服装为他拍照，包括毯子和橡胶靴。巴苏陀人穿着胶靴的历史可以追溯到这样一个事实，即他们中的许多人是南非的移民矿工。
从 Lejone 已经可以看到 Katse 大坝的一些水域。我们还在大坝上看到了一些养鱼场。
当我们继续向南行驶时，道路靠近 Malibamatso 河和大坝，我们到达了马莫豪。一座长长的混凝土桥从西侧跨过大坝，将我们带到大坝东侧的姆佛罗萨内。
我们在令人叹为观止的美丽大自然中行驶，途经许多小村庄和人们。
我们继续沿 A8 公路前往 Seshote，它位于距离大坝更内陆的地方。继续向南，我们离开了Leribe区，进入了Thaba-Tseka区。我们现在非常接近在莱索托高地的 Malibamat'so 河建造 Katse 水坝墙的地方。
然后我们就来到了宏伟的卡策大坝的坝墙建造现场！ Katse 大坝即使不是莱索托所有水景中最壮观的，也是最壮观的之一。
Katse 大坝是一座由混凝土建造的拱坝。大坝建在莱索托的 Malibamat’so 河，就在 Bokong 河的汇流处。 Bokong 河形成了 Katse 水库的西臂。 Katse 海拔 1 993 米，是非洲海拔最高的大坝。
坝墙为双曲拱；它从一侧到另一侧以及从上到下弯曲。城墙高 185 米（非洲第二高），底部宽 60 米，顶部宽 9 米。墙的长度是 710 m。
卡策坝是世界上仅有的30座双曲混凝土拱坝之一。 Katse 是非洲第二大双曲拱坝。卡策也是世界上体积最大的十大混凝土拱坝之一。
大坝底部的可移动接头使其能够弯曲，大坝的行为由大坝墙内的精密激光仪器监测。
这座墙用了 232 万立方米的混凝土，历时六年建成。在施工阶段，每 40 分钟从菲克斯堡通过公路运输一卡车水泥和粉煤灰。
卡策大坝库容19.5亿立方米，水面面积38.5平方公里。
大坝于1996年竣工，1997年蓄水。1998年1月22日正式开始供水。大坝目前每秒向南非供水约30立方米。该项目的总成本为80亿美元。
在我们访问 Katse 大坝期间，游客中心关闭，并且由于正在进行维护工作，Katse 村也无法进入。
不幸的是，由于时间限制，我们没有进行 Katse Dam Wall 游览以进入坝墙内部，也没有进行植物园游览。
我知道 Katse 大坝在当时是十年的工程项目，是一项艰巨的任务。但是今天，我实际上站在大坝旁边，看着巨大的大坝墙（非洲最高的）和它在山上形成的深湖，我意识到我看到的大量水的表面这里只是莱索托高地水利工程 (LHWP) 建设成果的一小部分。
LHWP 通过令人难以置信的水坝和隧道网络从莱索托高地调水，最终将水排放到南非自由邦省克拉伦斯郊外的阿斯河排污口。
来自 Katse 大坝的水通过直径 4 米的隧道在 45 公里的距离内输送到 Muela 水电站和大坝。 Muela 的高海拔允许重力流输水系统在 As River 排放口释放到南非。
从自由州的 As 河排放口，水沿着 Liebenbergsvlei 河流入 Wilge 河，最后流入 Vaal 大坝。从那里，水被输送到索韦托、约翰内斯堡和比勒陀利亚的豪登省大都市，补充了南非金山工业中心地带的供水。
完成后，莱索托高地供水项目最终将包括位于莱索托偏远农村地区的五座大型水坝。很容易理解为什么在1990年代这里正在建设中，这是南半球最大的工程项目。 Katse 大坝是莱索托高地水利工程的重要组成部分（骨干）。 Katse 大坝项目的规模令人印象深刻，简直令人着迷，让我无言以对！
我们于2023年4月底参观了莱索托的Katse Dam。从Clarens出发，我们在Fouriesburg外9公里的Caledonspoort清关。进入莱索托后，我们不得不支付收费站费用，但由于莱索托与南非属于共同货币区，南非兰特被接受。
我们前往 Butha-Buthe，然后前往 Leribe 区的总部 Hlotse，在那里我们离开 A1 并转向 A8。这是一条风景优美的道路，我们在前往卡策的途中经过了许多小村庄。然而，Hlotse 和 Pitseng 之间的柏油路状况不佳，我们不得不小心翼翼地穿过许多危险的坑洼。
我们从马洛蒂山脚下的一个相当大的城镇皮森出发，继续沿 A8 公路前往莱洪。作为我们第一次来莱索托，我们多次停下来拍照并享受该国山区令人叹为观止的自然风光。一个不容错过的观景点是 Mafika Lisiu 山口 (3090 m) 顶部的观景点。这使得马洛蒂山脉和附近的博孔自然保护区的壮丽和壮观的景色成为可能。令人惊叹和难以置信！
我们停下来和路边的一个牧童聊天，他正在去他家的路上，他住在离我们遇见他的地方不远的一个小村庄里。他很友好，同意我们穿着他的传统服装为他拍照，包括毯子和橡胶靴。巴苏陀人穿着胶靴的历史可以追溯到这样一个事实，即他们中的许多人是南非的移民矿工。
从 Lejone 已经可以看到 Katse 大坝的一些水域。我们还在大坝上看到了一些养鱼场。
当我们继续向南行驶时，道路靠近 Malibamatso 河和大坝，我们到达了马莫豪。一座长长的混凝土桥从西侧跨过大坝，将我们带到大坝东侧的姆佛罗萨内。
我们在令人叹为观止的美丽大自然中行驶，途经许多小村庄和人们。
我们继续沿 A8 公路前往 Seshote，它位于距离大坝更内陆的地方。继续向南，我们离开了Leribe区，进入了Thaba-Tseka区。我们现在非常接近在莱索托高地的 Malibamat'so 河建造 Katse 水坝墙的地方。
然后我们就来到了宏伟的卡策大坝的坝墙建造现场！ Katse 大坝即使不是莱索托所有水景中最壮观的，也是最壮观的之一。
Katse 大坝是一座由混凝土建造的拱坝。大坝建在莱索托的 Malibamat’so 河，就在 Bokong 河的汇流处。 Bokong 河形成了 Katse 水库的西臂。 Katse 海拔 1 993 米，是非洲海拔最高的大坝。
坝墙为双曲拱；它从一侧到另一侧以及从上到下弯曲。城墙高 185 米（非洲第二高），底部宽 60 米，顶部宽 9 米。墙的长度是 710 m。
卡策坝是世界上仅有的30座双曲混凝土拱坝之一。 Katse 是非洲第二大双曲拱坝。卡策也是世界上体积最大的十大混凝土拱坝之一。
大坝底部的可移动接头使其能够弯曲，大坝的行为由大坝墙内的精密激光仪器监测。
这座墙用了 232 万立方米的混凝土，历时六年建成。在施工阶段，每 40 分钟从菲克斯堡通过公路运输一卡车水泥和粉煤灰。
卡策大坝库容19.5亿立方米，水面面积38.5平方公里。
大坝于1996年竣工，1997年蓄水。1998年1月22日正式开始供水。大坝目前每秒向南非供水约30立方米。该项目的总成本为80亿美元。
在我们访问 Katse 大坝期间，游客中心关闭，并且由于正在进行维护工作，Katse 村也无法进入。
不幸的是，由于时间限制，我们没有进行 Katse Dam Wall 游览以进入坝墙内部，也没有进行植物园游览。
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