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Today a sort of volcanic "caldera", but a grandiose work of man and not of nature.
Erk Kala的点评
点评：Erk Kala, the first of the "cities of Merv", manifests itself today in the astonishing guise of a sort of volcanic "caldera", of imposing proportions (approximately 400 x 500 m), of polygonal / oval shape, whose walls reach here and there 30 mts. of height on the ground. Eccentrically inside the "caldera" a squat and broad protuberance rises up, which also reaches more or less the same height.
But nothing in these forms is due to nature, and everything is due to human construction. It's necessary to imagine the caldera and the protuberance as the result of centuries-old erosion on ancient walls and other mud brick buildings. Erosion that was able to operate freely around the last millennium, when both Erk Kala and the powerful "new city" of Hellenistic origin of which Erk Kala had become the fortress, i.e. Gyaur Kala, were abandoned.
The observation point par excellence of this complex is - at the southern end, therefore inside the space of Gyaur Kala - a further elevated hill, which however can be easily accessed, and which is the remnant of a high tower also flattened by the erosion, and set on the polygonal circle. Scholars hypothesize that the only access to Erk Kala was once at this tower, via a drawbridge thrown over a moat.
Although finds from much older ages have been excavated within the oval circle, the walled complex as it has come down to us is dated to around the end of the 6th century BC, therefore at the time of the Achaemenid Persians.
In what today seems to us to be a shapeless - albeit grandiose - mass of earth, archaeologists have found relics revealing the daily life of the ancient city. But even without being aware of these findings and what they reveal, the view from above of Erk Kala and - hopefully - a stroll in at least part of its internal surface, create in my opinion the most lasting feeling of a visit to Merv .
But nothing in these forms is due to nature, and everything is due to human construction. It's necessary to imagine the caldera and the protuberance as the result of centuries-old erosion on ancient walls and other mud brick buildings. Erosion that was able to operate freely around the last millennium, when both Erk Kala and the powerful "new city" of Hellenistic origin of which Erk Kala had become the fortress, i.e. Gyaur Kala, were abandoned.
The observation point par excellence of this complex is - at the southern end, therefore inside the space of Gyaur Kala - a further elevated hill, which however can be easily accessed, and which is the remnant of a high tower also flattened by the erosion, and set on the polygonal circle. Scholars hypothesize that the only access to Erk Kala was once at this tower, via a drawbridge thrown over a moat.
Although finds from much older ages have been excavated within the oval circle, the walled complex as it has come down to us is dated to around the end of the 6th century BC, therefore at the time of the Achaemenid Persians.
In what today seems to us to be a shapeless - albeit grandiose - mass of earth, archaeologists have found relics revealing the daily life of the ancient city. But even without being aware of these findings and what they reveal, the view from above of Erk Kala and - hopefully - a stroll in at least part of its internal surface, create in my opinion the most lasting feeling of a visit to Merv .
翻译：埃尔克卡拉是梅尔夫的第一座“城市”，如今，它以令人惊叹的火山“破火山口”的面貌出现，其规模巨大（约 400 x 500 米），呈多边形/椭圆形，其墙壁在地面上的高度可达 30 米。在“破火山口”内，奇怪地出现了一个矮胖而宽阔的凸起，其高度也大致相同。
但这些形状都不是自然形成的，一切都是人类建造的。有必要将破火山口和凸起想象成古老城墙和其他泥砖建筑数百年来受到侵蚀的结果。侵蚀在上个千年左右得以自由进行，当时埃尔克卡拉和强大的希腊化“新城市”（埃尔克卡拉成为其堡垒）即 Gyaur Kala 都被废弃了。
这个建筑群最出色的观察点是 - 在南端，因此在 Gyaur Kala 的空间内 - 另一座高耸的山丘，但很容易到达，它是一座高塔的残余，也被侵蚀夷为平地，位于多边形圆圈上。学者们推测，通往 Erk Kala 的唯一通道曾经是这座塔，通过一座横跨护城河的吊桥。
虽然在椭圆形圆圈内发掘出更古老时代的遗迹，但流传下来的围墙建筑群可追溯到公元前 6 世纪末，因此是波斯阿契美尼德王朝时期。
在今天看来是一块无形的 - 虽然宏伟的 - 土块中，考古学家发现了揭示古城日常生活的遗迹。但即使没有意识到这些发现以及它们所揭示的内容，从上面俯瞰埃尔克卡拉 (Erk Kala) 的景色，以及 — — 希望 — — 至少在其部分内部表面漫步，在我看来，会给梅尔夫之行留下最持久的感觉。
但这些形状都不是自然形成的，一切都是人类建造的。有必要将破火山口和凸起想象成古老城墙和其他泥砖建筑数百年来受到侵蚀的结果。侵蚀在上个千年左右得以自由进行，当时埃尔克卡拉和强大的希腊化“新城市”（埃尔克卡拉成为其堡垒）即 Gyaur Kala 都被废弃了。
这个建筑群最出色的观察点是 - 在南端，因此在 Gyaur Kala 的空间内 - 另一座高耸的山丘，但很容易到达，它是一座高塔的残余，也被侵蚀夷为平地，位于多边形圆圈上。学者们推测，通往 Erk Kala 的唯一通道曾经是这座塔，通过一座横跨护城河的吊桥。
虽然在椭圆形圆圈内发掘出更古老时代的遗迹，但流传下来的围墙建筑群可追溯到公元前 6 世纪末，因此是波斯阿契美尼德王朝时期。
在今天看来是一块无形的 - 虽然宏伟的 - 土块中，考古学家发现了揭示古城日常生活的遗迹。但即使没有意识到这些发现以及它们所揭示的内容，从上面俯瞰埃尔克卡拉 (Erk Kala) 的景色，以及 — — 希望 — — 至少在其部分内部表面漫步，在我看来，会给梅尔夫之行留下最持久的感觉。
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