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A Thousand Years of Jewish Life in Poland
波兰犹太人历史博物馆的点评
点评：The POLIN Museum in Warsaw is an outstanding journey through over 1,000 years of Jewish history in Poland. Jewish communities first appeared here around the 10th century, and the museum presents their story across three main levels: from early settlement and tolerance, through partitions and rising antisemitism, to the tragedies of the Holocaust and postwar years.
The exhibition opens with the legend of Polin — “here you shall rest” — portraying Poland as a land of peace and fertility. In medieval times, when Jews were expelled from Western Europe, Poland’s nobles gave them freedoms unavailable elsewhere. Exhibits on King Casimir the Great (Kazimierz Wielki), medieval coins, and the Jewish district in Kraków show this era of coexistence.
The rise of Hasidism in the 18th century is vividly told, with the story of Baal Shem Tov, born in Okopy and active in Medzhybizh, and the role of the tzadik as spiritual leader. Later galleries show vibrant Yiddish culture, with writers like I.L. Peretz, alongside interwar posters for LOT Airlines, Palestine Line, and resorts like Krynica, reflecting modern Jewish life and migration.
The Holocaust galleries are powerful: film of the German parade in 1939, maps of extermination camps, and the fate of Janusz Korczak, who perished with his orphans in Treblinka. Postwar sections cover the Kielce pogrom (1946) and antisemitism that drove survivors away, but also the courage of Poles who saved Jews and the later role of Jewish figures in Solidarity.
The museum is moving yet balanced, showing centuries of coexistence, tragedy, and renewal. The audio guide brings the journey to life, and the final testimonies of contemporary Polish Jews emphasise belonging and resilience.
The POLIN Museum is not only about memory, but also hope. A true must-visit for anyone in Warsaw.
The exhibition opens with the legend of Polin — “here you shall rest” — portraying Poland as a land of peace and fertility. In medieval times, when Jews were expelled from Western Europe, Poland’s nobles gave them freedoms unavailable elsewhere. Exhibits on King Casimir the Great (Kazimierz Wielki), medieval coins, and the Jewish district in Kraków show this era of coexistence.
The rise of Hasidism in the 18th century is vividly told, with the story of Baal Shem Tov, born in Okopy and active in Medzhybizh, and the role of the tzadik as spiritual leader. Later galleries show vibrant Yiddish culture, with writers like I.L. Peretz, alongside interwar posters for LOT Airlines, Palestine Line, and resorts like Krynica, reflecting modern Jewish life and migration.
The Holocaust galleries are powerful: film of the German parade in 1939, maps of extermination camps, and the fate of Janusz Korczak, who perished with his orphans in Treblinka. Postwar sections cover the Kielce pogrom (1946) and antisemitism that drove survivors away, but also the courage of Poles who saved Jews and the later role of Jewish figures in Solidarity.
The museum is moving yet balanced, showing centuries of coexistence, tragedy, and renewal. The audio guide brings the journey to life, and the final testimonies of contemporary Polish Jews emphasise belonging and resilience.
The POLIN Museum is not only about memory, but also hope. A true must-visit for anyone in Warsaw.
翻译：华沙的波兰犹太博物馆 (POLIN Museum) 是一场精彩的旅程，带您领略波兰逾千年的犹太历史。犹太社群最早出现于约公元十世纪，博物馆从三个主要层面展现了他们的故事：从早期的定居与包容，到分治与日益高涨的反犹主义，再到大屠杀和战后时期的悲剧。
展览以波兰的传说——“你将在此安息”——开场，将波兰描绘成一片和平富饶的土地。在中世纪，当犹太人被驱逐出西欧时，波兰贵族赋予了他们其他地方无法获得的自由。关于卡齐米日大帝（卡齐米日·维尔基）、中世纪钱币以及克拉科夫犹太区的展览，展现了那个共存的时代。
展览生动地展现了18世纪哈西德派的兴起，包括出生于奥科皮、活跃于梅德日比日的巴尔·谢姆·托夫的故事，以及作为精神领袖的犹太会士（tzadik）所扮演的角色。之后的展厅则展现了充满活力的意第绪语文化，其中包括I.L.佩雷茨等作家的作品，以及两次世界大战期间波兰航空、巴勒斯坦路线以及克雷尼察等度假胜地的海报，反映了现代犹太人的生活和移民生活。
大屠杀展厅极具震撼力：1939年德国阅兵式的影片、灭绝营地图，以及与孤儿一起在特雷布林卡丧生的雅努什·科恰克的命运。战后展区涵盖了1946年的凯尔采大屠杀和驱赶幸存者的反犹主义，也展现了波兰人拯救犹太人的勇气以及后来犹太人在团结工会中扮演的角色。
博物馆感人至深，却又不失平衡，展现了几个世纪以来的共存、悲剧与复兴。语音导览让这段旅程栩栩如生，当代波兰犹太人的临终证言则强调了归属感和韧性。
波兰犹太人博物馆不仅关乎记忆，也蕴含着希望。对于任何到华沙的人来说，这里都是必游之地。
展览以波兰的传说——“你将在此安息”——开场，将波兰描绘成一片和平富饶的土地。在中世纪，当犹太人被驱逐出西欧时，波兰贵族赋予了他们其他地方无法获得的自由。关于卡齐米日大帝（卡齐米日·维尔基）、中世纪钱币以及克拉科夫犹太区的展览，展现了那个共存的时代。
展览生动地展现了18世纪哈西德派的兴起，包括出生于奥科皮、活跃于梅德日比日的巴尔·谢姆·托夫的故事，以及作为精神领袖的犹太会士（tzadik）所扮演的角色。之后的展厅则展现了充满活力的意第绪语文化，其中包括I.L.佩雷茨等作家的作品，以及两次世界大战期间波兰航空、巴勒斯坦路线以及克雷尼察等度假胜地的海报，反映了现代犹太人的生活和移民生活。
大屠杀展厅极具震撼力：1939年德国阅兵式的影片、灭绝营地图，以及与孤儿一起在特雷布林卡丧生的雅努什·科恰克的命运。战后展区涵盖了1946年的凯尔采大屠杀和驱赶幸存者的反犹主义，也展现了波兰人拯救犹太人的勇气以及后来犹太人在团结工会中扮演的角色。
博物馆感人至深，却又不失平衡，展现了几个世纪以来的共存、悲剧与复兴。语音导览让这段旅程栩栩如生，当代波兰犹太人的临终证言则强调了归属感和韧性。
波兰犹太人博物馆不仅关乎记忆，也蕴含着希望。对于任何到华沙的人来说，这里都是必游之地。
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